You've already forked www.colben.cn
update
This commit is contained in:
@@ -35,309 +35,309 @@ clob | 4GB | 字符串
|
||||
bfile | 视操作系统 | 存储非结构化数据到数据库外的文件中
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建表
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE TABLE table_name
|
||||
(
|
||||
column_name datatype [NULL|NOT NULL],
|
||||
...,
|
||||
PRIMARY KEY(),
|
||||
CONSTRAINT table_name constraint_name FOREIGN KEY (column_name) REFERENCE table_name(column_name) ON DELETE CASCADE,
|
||||
CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK(condition),
|
||||
CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE(column_name)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|AS SELECT column_name1,column_name2,...FROM source_table;
|
||||
DROP TABLE table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE TABLE table_name
|
||||
(
|
||||
column_name datatype [NULL|NOT NULL],
|
||||
...,
|
||||
PRIMARY KEY(),
|
||||
CONSTRAINT table_name constraint_name FOREIGN KEY (column_name) REFERENCE table_name(column_name) ON DELETE CASCADE,
|
||||
CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK(condition),
|
||||
CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE(column_name)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|AS SELECT column_name1,column_name2,...FROM source_table;
|
||||
DROP TABLE table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 删除表
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
DROP TABLE table_name;
|
||||
# 执行最快，删除数据、结构、索引、约束、触发器和索引，存储过程和索引invalid状态，直接生效，不可回滚，不释放空间
|
||||
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
|
||||
# 执行较快，只删除数据，直接生效，不可回滚，释放空间
|
||||
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
|
||||
# 执行最慢，只删除数据，commit 后生效，可回滚，不释放空间
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
DROP TABLE table_name;
|
||||
# 执行最快，删除数据、结构、索引、约束、触发器和索引，存储过程和索引invalid状态，直接生效，不可回滚，不释放空间
|
||||
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
|
||||
# 执行较快，只删除数据，直接生效，不可回滚，释放空间
|
||||
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
|
||||
# 执行最慢，只删除数据，commit 后生效，可回滚，不释放空间
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 操作表列
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD column_name datatype [NULL|NOT NULL]
|
||||
|MODIFY column_name new_datatype|NULL|NOT NULL
|
||||
|DROP COLUMN column_name;
|
||||
-- 删除列时通常追加 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ，以删除于该列有关的约束
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD column_name datatype [NULL|NOT NULL]
|
||||
|MODIFY column_name new_datatype|NULL|NOT NULL
|
||||
|DROP COLUMN column_name;
|
||||
-- 删除列时通常追加 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ，以删除于该列有关的约束
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 操作主键
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINTS constraint_name PRIMARY KEY(column_name)
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINTS constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINTS constraint_name PRIMARY KEY(column_name)
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINTS constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 操作外键
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name FOREIGN KEY(column_name) REFERENCE table_name(column_name) ON DELETE CASCADE
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name FOREIGN KEY(column_name) REFERENCE table_name(column_name) ON DELETE CASCADE
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 操作CHECK约束
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK(condition)
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK(condition)
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 操作UNIQUE约束
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE(column_name)
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name
|
||||
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE(column_name)
|
||||
|DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 添加数据
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
INSERT INTO table_name(column_name1,column_name2,...)
|
||||
VALUES(data1,data2,...)
|
||||
|SELECT column_name1,column_name2...FROM table_name2;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
INSERT INTO table_name(column_name1,column_name2,...)
|
||||
VALUES(data1,data2,...)
|
||||
|SELECT column_name1,column_name2...FROM table_name2;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 修改数据
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
UPDATE table_name SET column_name1=data1,column_name2=data2,...[WHERE condition];
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
UPDATE table_name SET column_name1=data1,column_name2=data2,...[WHERE condition];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 删除数据
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
|
||||
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
|
||||
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 查询数据
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT column_name1,column_name2,...FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT column_name1,column_name2,...FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# MERGE语句
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
MERGE INTO table_name1 USING table_name2 ON(condition) WHEN MATCHED THEN ... WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN ...;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
MERGE INTO table_name1 USING table_name2 ON(condition) WHEN MATCHED THEN ... WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN ...;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# SELECT 语句
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT [DISTINCT|ALL] select_list FROM table_list [WHERE ...] [GROUP BY ...] [HAVING ...] [ORDER BY ...];
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT [DISTINCT|ALL] select_list FROM table_list [WHERE ...] [GROUP BY ...] [HAVING ...] [ORDER BY ...];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# select_list
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
*|[schema.] {table|view} .*|expr[ [AS ]c_alias]
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
*|[schema.] {table|view} .*|expr[ [AS ]c_alias]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# expr
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
"||" 连接的字符串 | 函数
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
"||" 连接的字符串 | 函数
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# ORDER BY ...
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
{expr|positon|c_alias} {ASC|DESC} {NULLS FIRST|NULLS LAST}[ {expr|positon|c_alias} {ASC|DESC} {NULLS FIRST|NULLS LAST},...]
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
{expr|positon|c_alias} {ASC|DESC} {NULLS FIRST|NULLS LAST}[ {expr|positon|c_alias} {ASC|DESC} {NULLS FIRST|NULLS LAST},...]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 模糊查询关键字like
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
'_'替代一个字符，'%'替代多个字符
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
'_'替代一个字符，'%'替代多个字符
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 从给定值中选取查询
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
IN(data1,data2,...)
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
IN(data1,data2,...)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 连接
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
-- 连接，只能查询匹配记录
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
-- 左外连接
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
-- 右外连接
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
-- 全外连接
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 FULL JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
-- 连接，只能查询匹配记录
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
-- 左外连接
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
-- 右外连接
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
-- 全外连接
|
||||
SELECT select_list FROM table_name1 FULL JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 内置函数
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ABS(n) -- n绝对值
|
||||
MOD(n2,n1) -- n2对n1取余
|
||||
SIGN(n) -- n的符号
|
||||
CEIL(n) -- 大于等于n的最小整数
|
||||
FLOOR(n) -- 小于等于n的最大整数
|
||||
SQRT(n) -- n的平方根
|
||||
POWER(n2,n1) -- n2的n1次幂
|
||||
EXP(n) -- e的n次幂
|
||||
LOG(n1,n2) -- n1为底n2的对数
|
||||
LN(n) -- n的自然对数
|
||||
ROUND(n2,n1) -- n2小数部分四舍五入至n1位
|
||||
TRUNC(n2,n1) -- n2截取至n1位
|
||||
CHR(n) -- 把n根据ASCII转换成字符
|
||||
ASCII(char) -- 参数首字母的ASCII值
|
||||
LENGTH(char) -- 字符串长度
|
||||
SUBSTR(char,position[,substring_length]) -- 截取字符串
|
||||
CONCAT(char1,char2) -- 连接字符串
|
||||
INSTR(string,substring[,position[,occurrence]]) -- 查找字符串
|
||||
UPPER(char) -- 转换成大写
|
||||
LOWER(char) -- 转换成小些
|
||||
INITCAP(char) -- 单词首字母大写
|
||||
NLSSORT(char[,nslparam]) -- 按指定方式排序'NLS_SORT=SCHINESE_PINYIN_M'
|
||||
REPLACE(char,search_string[,replacement_string]) -- 字符串替换，默认删除
|
||||
RPAD(expr1,n[,expr2]) -- 用expr2右填充expr1至长度为n，默认空格
|
||||
LPAD(expr1,n[,expr2]) -- 用expr2左填充expr1至长度为n，默认空格
|
||||
TRIM([LEADING|TRAILING|BOTH] [trim_character FROM] trim_source) -- 删除字符串首尾指定字符
|
||||
SYSDATE -- 获取系统当前日期
|
||||
SYSTIMESTAMP -- 获取系统当前时间
|
||||
DBTIMEZONE -- 获取数据库当前时区
|
||||
ADD_MONTHS(date,integer) -- 指定日期增加指定月份数
|
||||
SESSIONTIMEZONE -- 获取当前会话的时区
|
||||
LAST_DAY(date) -- 获取指定日期对应月份的最后一天
|
||||
NEXT_DAY(date,char) -- 获取下周char的日期
|
||||
CURRENT_DATE -- 获取会话时区的当前日期
|
||||
EXTRACT(datetime) -- 从指定时间中获取指定部分
|
||||
MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1,date2) -- 获取两个时间之间的月份数
|
||||
NET_TIME(date,timezone1,timezone2) -- 获取时区1中的时间转换到时区2后的时间
|
||||
TO_CHAR(n[,fmt]) -- 转换为字符类型
|
||||
TO_DATE(n[,fmt]) -- 转换为时间类型
|
||||
TO_NUMBER(n[,fmt]) -- 转换为数字类型
|
||||
LNNVL(condition) -- 排除指定条件函数
|
||||
NVL(expr1,expr2) -- expr1为空时返回expr2
|
||||
NVL2(expr1,expr2,expr3) -- expr1为空时返回expr3，不为空返回expr2
|
||||
AVG([DISTINCT|ALL ]expr) -- 获取平均值
|
||||
COUNT(*|[DISTINCT|ALL ]expr) -- 获取数量
|
||||
SUM([DISTINCT|ALL ]expr) -- 获取和
|
||||
SELECT USER FROM DUAL; -- 返回当前会话的登录名
|
||||
USERENV(param) -- 返回当前会话的信息
|
||||
SYS_CONTEXT(namespace,param) -- 返回oracle已创建的context
|
||||
DECODE(expr,search,result[,search1,result1...]) -- expr结果是search返回result
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ABS(n) -- n绝对值
|
||||
MOD(n2,n1) -- n2对n1取余
|
||||
SIGN(n) -- n的符号
|
||||
CEIL(n) -- 大于等于n的最小整数
|
||||
FLOOR(n) -- 小于等于n的最大整数
|
||||
SQRT(n) -- n的平方根
|
||||
POWER(n2,n1) -- n2的n1次幂
|
||||
EXP(n) -- e的n次幂
|
||||
LOG(n1,n2) -- n1为底n2的对数
|
||||
LN(n) -- n的自然对数
|
||||
ROUND(n2,n1) -- n2小数部分四舍五入至n1位
|
||||
TRUNC(n2,n1) -- n2截取至n1位
|
||||
CHR(n) -- 把n根据ASCII转换成字符
|
||||
ASCII(char) -- 参数首字母的ASCII值
|
||||
LENGTH(char) -- 字符串长度
|
||||
SUBSTR(char,position[,substring_length]) -- 截取字符串
|
||||
CONCAT(char1,char2) -- 连接字符串
|
||||
INSTR(string,substring[,position[,occurrence]]) -- 查找字符串
|
||||
UPPER(char) -- 转换成大写
|
||||
LOWER(char) -- 转换成小些
|
||||
INITCAP(char) -- 单词首字母大写
|
||||
NLSSORT(char[,nslparam]) -- 按指定方式排序'NLS_SORT=SCHINESE_PINYIN_M'
|
||||
REPLACE(char,search_string[,replacement_string]) -- 字符串替换，默认删除
|
||||
RPAD(expr1,n[,expr2]) -- 用expr2右填充expr1至长度为n，默认空格
|
||||
LPAD(expr1,n[,expr2]) -- 用expr2左填充expr1至长度为n，默认空格
|
||||
TRIM([LEADING|TRAILING|BOTH] [trim_character FROM] trim_source) -- 删除字符串首尾指定字符
|
||||
SYSDATE -- 获取系统当前日期
|
||||
SYSTIMESTAMP -- 获取系统当前时间
|
||||
DBTIMEZONE -- 获取数据库当前时区
|
||||
ADD_MONTHS(date,integer) -- 指定日期增加指定月份数
|
||||
SESSIONTIMEZONE -- 获取当前会话的时区
|
||||
LAST_DAY(date) -- 获取指定日期对应月份的最后一天
|
||||
NEXT_DAY(date,char) -- 获取下周char的日期
|
||||
CURRENT_DATE -- 获取会话时区的当前日期
|
||||
EXTRACT(datetime) -- 从指定时间中获取指定部分
|
||||
MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1,date2) -- 获取两个时间之间的月份数
|
||||
NET_TIME(date,timezone1,timezone2) -- 获取时区1中的时间转换到时区2后的时间
|
||||
TO_CHAR(n[,fmt]) -- 转换为字符类型
|
||||
TO_DATE(n[,fmt]) -- 转换为时间类型
|
||||
TO_NUMBER(n[,fmt]) -- 转换为数字类型
|
||||
LNNVL(condition) -- 排除指定条件函数
|
||||
NVL(expr1,expr2) -- expr1为空时返回expr2
|
||||
NVL2(expr1,expr2,expr3) -- expr1为空时返回expr3，不为空返回expr2
|
||||
AVG([DISTINCT|ALL ]expr) -- 获取平均值
|
||||
COUNT(*|[DISTINCT|ALL ]expr) -- 获取数量
|
||||
SUM([DISTINCT|ALL ]expr) -- 获取和
|
||||
SELECT USER FROM DUAL; -- 返回当前会话的登录名
|
||||
USERENV(param) -- 返回当前会话的信息
|
||||
SYS_CONTEXT(namespace,param) -- 返回oracle已创建的context
|
||||
DECODE(expr,search,result[,search1,result1...]) -- expr结果是search返回result
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 查看所有默认表空间
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_TABLESPACES;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_TABLESPACES;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 查看指定用户默认表空间
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT DEFAULT_STAPCE,USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS WHERE USERNAME='username';
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT DEFAULT_STAPCE,USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS WHERE USERNAME='username';
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建表空间
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name
|
||||
DATAFILE filename
|
||||
SIZE size
|
||||
[AUTOEXTEND [ON NEXT size|OFF]]
|
||||
[MAXSIZE size]
|
||||
[PERMANENT|TEMPORARY] 永久/临时表空间，默认永久
|
||||
[EXTENT MANAGEMENT [DICTIONARY|LOCAL 字典/本地管理方式，默认本地
|
||||
[AUTOALLOCATE|UNIFORM. [SIZE integer[K|M]]]];
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name
|
||||
DATAFILE filename
|
||||
SIZE size
|
||||
[AUTOEXTEND [ON NEXT size|OFF]]
|
||||
[MAXSIZE size]
|
||||
[PERMANENT|TEMPORARY] 永久/临时表空间，默认永久
|
||||
[EXTENT MANAGEMENT [DICTIONARY|LOCAL 字典/本地管理方式，默认本地
|
||||
[AUTOALLOCATE|UNIFORM. [SIZE integer[K|M]]]];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 重命名表空间
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE oldname RENAME TO newname;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE oldname RENAME TO newname;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 修改表空间大小
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE filename RESIZE size;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE filename RESIZE size;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 增加表空间大小
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name ADD DATAFILE filename SIZE size;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name ADD DATAFILE filename SIZE size;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 设置表空间读写状态
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name READ {ONLY|WRITE};
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name READ {ONLY|WRITE};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 设置表空间可用状态
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name {ONLINE|OFFLINE [NORMAL|TEMPORARY|IMMEDIATE]};
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name {ONLINE|OFFLINE [NORMAL|TEMPORARY|IMMEDIATE]};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建大文件表空间
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE tablespace_name DATAFILE filename SIZE size;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE tablespace_name DATAFILE filename SIZE size;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 删除表空间
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name
|
||||
[INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES] 数据文件删除
|
||||
[CASCADE CONSTRAINTS]; 完整性删除
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name
|
||||
[INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES] 数据文件删除
|
||||
[CASCADE CONSTRAINTS]; 完整性删除
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 查看表空间大小
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME,BYTES FROM DBA_DATA_FILES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=tablespace_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME,BYTES FROM DBA_DATA_FILES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=tablespace_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 查看表空间剩余 空间
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,BYTES FROM DBA_FREE_SPACES;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,BYTES FROM DBA_FREE_SPACES;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建/修改用户
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE|ALTER
|
||||
USER user_name
|
||||
IDENTIFIED BY password
|
||||
[DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
|
||||
[QUOTA size|UNLIMITED ON tablespace_name ] 用户使用表空间的最大值
|
||||
[PROFILE profile ] 概要文件
|
||||
[PASSWORD EXPIRE ] 用户密码过期
|
||||
[ACCOUNT LOCK|UNLOCK]; 默认锁定状态
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE|ALTER
|
||||
USER user_name
|
||||
IDENTIFIED BY password
|
||||
[DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
|
||||
[QUOTA size|UNLIMITED ON tablespace_name ] 用户使用表空间的最大值
|
||||
[PROFILE profile ] 概要文件
|
||||
[PASSWORD EXPIRE ] 用户密码过期
|
||||
[ACCOUNT LOCK|UNLOCK]; 默认锁定状态
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 删除用户
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DROP USER user_name CASCADE;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DROP USER user_name CASCADE;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 授予系统权限
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
GRANT
|
||||
system_privileges|ALL PRIVILEGES 权限
|
||||
TO {user IDENTIFIED BY password|role } 用户/角色
|
||||
[WITH ADMIN OPTION]; 授予其他用户或角色系统权限
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
GRANT
|
||||
system_privileges|ALL PRIVILEGES 权限
|
||||
TO {user IDENTIFIED BY password|role } 用户/角色
|
||||
[WITH ADMIN OPTION]; 授予其他用户或角色系统权限
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 授予对象权限
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
GRANT
|
||||
object_privilege|ALL 权限
|
||||
ON schema.object 对象
|
||||
TO user_name|role_name 用户/角色
|
||||
[WITH ADMIN OPTION ] 授予其他用户或角色系统权限
|
||||
[WITH THE GRANT ANY OBJECT]; 授予其他用户或角色对象权限
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
GRANT
|
||||
object_privilege|ALL 权限
|
||||
ON schema.object 对象
|
||||
TO user_name|role_name 用户/角色
|
||||
[WITH ADMIN OPTION ] 授予其他用户或角色系统权限
|
||||
[WITH THE GRANT ANY OBJECT]; 授予其他用户或角色对象权限
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 撤销系统权限
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
REVOKE system_privilege FROM
|
||||
user|role;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
REVOKE system_privilege FROM
|
||||
user|role;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 撤销对象权限
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
REVOKE
|
||||
object_privilege |ALL
|
||||
ON schema.object FROM
|
||||
user_name|role_name
|
||||
[CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
REVOKE
|
||||
object_privilege |ALL
|
||||
ON schema.object FROM
|
||||
user_name|role_name
|
||||
[CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 数据字典
|
||||
数据 | 字典
|
||||
@@ -347,150 +347,150 @@ user_name|role_name
|
||||
用户角色 | DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建角色
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE|ALTER //创建/修改
|
||||
ROLE role_name
|
||||
[NOT IDENTIFIED|IDENDIFIED BY [password]];
|
||||
GRANT //填充权限
|
||||
system_privilege|ALL PRIVILEGES
|
||||
TO role_name
|
||||
[WITH ADMIN OPTION];
|
||||
-- 角色创建完成后不能直接使用，需将角色赋予用户才能使用
|
||||
GRANT role_name TO user_name;
|
||||
SET ROLE role_name -- 设置角色生效
|
||||
SET ROLE ALL -- 设置所有角色生效
|
||||
SET ROLE ALL EXCEPT role_name -- 设置只有role_name失效
|
||||
SET ROLE NONE -- 设置所有角色失效
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE|ALTER //创建/修改
|
||||
ROLE role_name
|
||||
[NOT IDENTIFIED|IDENDIFIED BY [password]];
|
||||
GRANT //填充权限
|
||||
system_privilege|ALL PRIVILEGES
|
||||
TO role_name
|
||||
[WITH ADMIN OPTION];
|
||||
-- 角色创建完成后不能直接使用，需将角色赋予用户才能使用
|
||||
GRANT role_name TO user_name;
|
||||
SET ROLE role_name -- 设置角色生效
|
||||
SET ROLE ALL -- 设置所有角色生效
|
||||
SET ROLE ALL EXCEPT role_name -- 设置只有role_name失效
|
||||
SET ROLE NONE -- 设置所有角色失效
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 删除角色
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DROP ROLE role_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
DROP ROLE role_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 脱机备份（冷备份）/恢复
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
关闭数据库服务后直接复制需要的文件，包括数据文件和控制文件
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
关闭数据库服务后直接复制需要的文件，包括数据文件和控制文件
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 联机备份（热备份）
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ARCHIVE LOG LIST 查看本机数据库的日志状态
|
||||
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE SCOPE=SPFILE; 设置日志模式为归档
|
||||
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; 关闭数据库
|
||||
STARTUP MOUNT; 启动mount实例
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG; 更改数据库为归档日志模式
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE OPEN; 更改数据库状态为打开模式
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name BEGIN BACKUP; 开始备份数据库
|
||||
复制文件到其他目录
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name END BACKUP; 结束备份操作
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ARCHIVE LOG LIST 查看本机数据库的日志状态
|
||||
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE SCOPE=SPFILE; 设置日志模式为归档
|
||||
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; 关闭数据库
|
||||
STARTUP MOUNT; 启动mount实例
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG; 更改数据库为归档日志模式
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE OPEN; 更改数据库状态为打开模式
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name BEGIN BACKUP; 开始备份数据库
|
||||
复制文件到其他目录
|
||||
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name END BACKUP; 结束备份操作
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 恢复
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT; 归档当前日志
|
||||
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE; 切换日志文件
|
||||
SELECT * FROM v$RECOVER_FILE 获取文件编号
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE file_id OFFLINE DROP; 把要恢复的数据文件脱机
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE OPEN; 更改数据库状态为打开模式
|
||||
RECOVER DATAFILE file_id; 恢复数据文件
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE file_id ONLINE; 设置数据文件联机
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT; 归档当前日志
|
||||
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE; 切换日志文件
|
||||
SELECT * FROM v$RECOVER_FILE 获取文件编号
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE file_id OFFLINE DROP; 把要恢复的数据文件脱机
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE OPEN; 更改数据库状态为打开模式
|
||||
RECOVER DATAFILE file_id; 恢复数据文件
|
||||
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE file_id ONLINE; 设置数据文件联机
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# EXP工具导出数据
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
exp db_user/password 登陆数据库的用户名和密码，非SYS
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
exp db_user/password 登陆数据库的用户名和密码，非SYS
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# EXP工具直接导出表
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
exp db_user/password file="filename.dmp" tables="table_name,..."
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
exp db_user/password file="filename.dmp" tables="table_name,..."
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# EXP工具导出表空间
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
exp db_user/password file="filename.dmp" tablespaces="tablespaces_name"
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
exp db_user/password file="filename.dmp" tablespaces="tablespaces_name"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# EXPDP导出数据
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE DIRECTORY directory_name AS 'file_name'; 目录名称 文件名称
|
||||
GRANT READ,WRITE ON DIRECTORY directory_name TO db_user; 授权用户使用该目录
|
||||
#expdp db_user/password directory=directory_name dumpfile=file_name tables=table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE DIRECTORY directory_name AS 'file_name'; 目录名称 文件名称
|
||||
GRANT READ,WRITE ON DIRECTORY directory_name TO db_user; 授权用户使用该目录
|
||||
#expdp db_user/password directory=directory_name dumpfile=file_name tables=table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# IMP导入数据
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
imp db_user/password
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
imp db_user/password
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# IMP直接导入表
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
imp db_user/password file="filename.dmp" tables="table_name,..."
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
imp db_user/password file="filename.dmp" tables="table_name,..."
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# IMPDP导入数据
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
impdp db_user_password
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
impdp db_user_password
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# IMPDP直接导入表
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
impdp db_user/password directory=dir dumpfile=filename.dmp tables=table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
impdp db_user/password directory=dir dumpfile=filename.dmp tables=table_name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# RMAN工具配置
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CONN /AS SYSDBA; 连接恢复目录数据库
|
||||
CREATE USER rman_user IDENTIFIED BY password DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace_name; 创建恢复用户
|
||||
GRANT RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER TO rman_user; 为新创建的用户授权
|
||||
#rman
|
||||
CONN CATALOG rman_user/password; 连接新创建的用户
|
||||
CREATE CATALOG; 创建恢复目录
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CONN /AS SYSDBA; 连接恢复目录数据库
|
||||
CREATE USER rman_user IDENTIFIED BY password DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace_name; 创建恢复用户
|
||||
GRANT RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER TO rman_user; 为新创建的用户授权
|
||||
#rman
|
||||
CONN CATALOG rman_user/password; 连接新创建的用户
|
||||
CREATE CATALOG; 创建恢复目录
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# RMAN工具使用
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
#rman target db_user/password@servicename catalog rman_user/password 连接恢复目录数据库
|
||||
CONNECT TARGET db_user/password@servicename; 连接目标数据库
|
||||
CONNECT CATALOG rman_user/password@servicename; 连接恢复目录数据库
|
||||
REGISTER database; 在恢复目录数据库中注册数据库
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
#rman target db_user/password@servicename catalog rman_user/password 连接恢复目录数据库
|
||||
CONNECT TARGET db_user/password@servicename; 连接目标数据库
|
||||
CONNECT CATALOG rman_user/password@servicename; 连接恢复目录数据库
|
||||
REGISTER database; 在恢复目录数据库中注册数据库
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 手动分配通道
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
关闭目标数据库，启动到mount状态，运行：
|
||||
run
|
||||
{
|
||||
ALLOCATE CHANNEL channel_name1 DEVICE TYPE {sbt|disk};
|
||||
...
|
||||
BACKUP [level] [backup type] [option]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
关闭目标数据库，启动到mount状态，运行：
|
||||
run
|
||||
{
|
||||
ALLOCATE CHANNEL channel_name1 DEVICE TYPE {sbt|disk};
|
||||
...
|
||||
BACKUP [level] [backup type] [option]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# 自动分配通道
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE {sbt|disk} PARALLELISM n; 指定通道类型和名称
|
||||
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE {sbt|disk}; 指定默认设备类型
|
||||
BACKUP [level] [backup type] [option];
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE {sbt|disk} PARALLELISM n; 指定通道类型和名称
|
||||
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE {sbt|disk}; 指定默认设备类型
|
||||
BACKUP [level] [backup type] [option];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# BACKUP 参数
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
level 备份增量，1、2、3、4或者FULL（全备份）
|
||||
backup type 对象类型，database、datafile、tablespace、controlfilecopy、archivelog all
|
||||
option channel备份使用的通道 maxsetsize定义备份集的最大值
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
level 备份增量，1、2、3、4或者FULL（全备份）
|
||||
backup type 对象类型，database、datafile、tablespace、controlfilecopy、archivelog all
|
||||
option channel备份使用的通道 maxsetsize定义备份集的最大值
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# RESTORE还原
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
RESTORE database_object;
|
||||
database_object: DATABASE(mount),TABLESPACE(open),DATAFILE,CONTROLFILE(mount),ARCHIVELOG,SPFILE(mount)
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
RESTORE database_object;
|
||||
database_object: DATABASE(mount),TABLESPACE(open),DATAFILE,CONTROLFILE(mount),ARCHIVELOG,SPFILE(mount)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# RECOVER同步恢复
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
RECOVER database_object;
|
||||
database_object: DATABASE(mount),TABLESPACE(open),DATAFILE
|
||||
```
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
RECOVER database_object;
|
||||
database_object: DATABASE(mount),TABLESPACE(open),DATAFILE
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user