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content/post/archlinux-install.md
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content/post/archlinux-install.md
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---
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title: "安装 Archlinux"
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date: 2021-07-04T11:23:00+08:00
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lastmod: 2021-07-04T11:23:00+08:00
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keywords: []
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tags: ["archlinux"]
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categories: ["os"]
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---
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# U 盘启动，进入 archlinux live
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- 下载 archlinux 镜像
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```bash
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curl -LO https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/iso/2021.07.01/archlinux-2021.07.01-x86_64.iso
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```
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- 把镜像写进一个无用的 U 盘(/dev/sdX)
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```bash
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dd if=archlinux-2021.07.01-x86_64.iso bs=1M of=/dev/sdX
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```
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- 使用该 U 盘启动自己的 PC，进入 archlinux live
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# 联网，硬盘分区，安装系统
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- 插上网线，自动分配地址，验证是否可以连接外网
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```bash
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curl -I https://www.baidu.com
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# 返回 200
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```
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- 规划硬盘，选择一个无用硬盘(/dev/sdX)，规划 efi 分区和根分区
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```bash
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# fdisk 规划分区
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fdisk /dev/sdX
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g # 创建新的 gpt 分区表
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n # 创建一个新分区
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# 直接回车
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# 直接回车
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+256M # 指定大小
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t # 更改分区类型
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# 直接回车
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1 # 选择 EFI System
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n # 创建一个新分区
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# 直接回车
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# 直接回车
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+XXXG # 指定根分区大小
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w # 保存并退出 fdisk
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官网还有 swap 分区，现在内存都比较大，不需要 swap 了
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```
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- 格式化分区
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```bash
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mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sdX1
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX2
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```
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- 挂载分区
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```bash
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mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt
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mkdir /mnt/EFI
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mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/EFI
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```
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- 修改软件源(vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist)，只保留中国源
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```
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.bit.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.xjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.sohu.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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## China
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Server = http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
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```
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- 安装系统包
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```bash
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pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
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# 这里会从中国源里下载安装包并安装，具体时间就看网速了
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```
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- 生成 fstab
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```bash
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genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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```
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- chroot 进入新系统
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```bash
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arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
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```
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# 配置新安装的系统
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- 设置时区
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```bash
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
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```
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- 编辑 /etc/locale.gen，选择 en_US 和 zh_CN
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```bash
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sed -i \
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-e '/^#en_US.UTF-8/s/^#//' \
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-e '/^#zh_CN/s/^#//' \
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/etc/locale.gen
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locale-gen
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# 生成 /etc/locale.conf
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echo 'LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' > /etc/locale.conf
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```
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- 设置主机名(xxxx)
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```bash
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echo xxxx > /etc/hostname
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```
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- 安装内核
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```bash
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mkinitcpio -P
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```
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- 设置 root 密码
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```bash
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passwd
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```
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- 创建一个普通用户(xxxx)，用于自己日常使用
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```bash
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useradd -m xxxx
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passwd xxxx
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echo "xxxx ALL=(ALL) ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/xxxx
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```
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- 安装其他必须包
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```bash
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pacman -S grub networkmanager
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pacman -S intel-ucode # intel 处理器
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pacman -S amd-code # amd 处理器
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```
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- 创建 efi 启动项(xxxx)
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```bash
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grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/EFI --bootloader-id=xxxx
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```
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- 生成 grub.cfg
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```bash
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grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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```
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- 退出新系统，返回 archlinux live
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```bash
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exit
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```
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# 卸载硬盘，重启
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- 卸载硬盘
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```bash
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umount -R /mnt
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```
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- 重启
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```bash
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reboot
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```
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# 日常使用
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- 登陆普通用户
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- 启动 NetworkManager，并设置开机自动启动
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start NetworkManager
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sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
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```
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- 连接网络
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```bash
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nmtui
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```
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- 安装常用命令行软件
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S ctags cscope tmux expect git p7zip unrar zip unzip \
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ntfs-3g espeak hostapd dnsmasq openssh tcpdump vim cdrtools \
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tree ethtool openbsd-netcat arch-install-scripts
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```
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- 安装 gnome 桌面
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S wqy-zenhei ttf-liberation
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sudo pacman -S gnome
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sudo systemctl enable gdm.service
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sudo pacman -S gvim file-roller freerdp mpv ibus-sunpinyin
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```
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- [Gnome 主题网站](https://gnome-look.org)
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