---
title: "Python 的 ConfigParser 模块"
date: 2019-10-30T18:04:09+08:00
lastmod: 2019-10-30T18:04:09+08:00
tags: ["python", "configparser"]
categories: ["python"]
---

## 样例文件
- 该类配置文件可以包含一个或多个节（section），每个节可以有多个参数（键=值）。
- 样例配置文件（/proj/conf/example_conf）
    ```
    [book]
    title:ConfigParser模块教程
    author:大头爸爸
    email:366500050@qq.com
    time:2012-09-20 22:04:55
    [size]
    size:1024
    [other]
    blog:csdn.net
    ```
- 上面配置文件中用的是冒号，也可以用等号。

## 读取配置文件
- 示例文件: example.py
    ```python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import ConfigParser
    import string
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(u'/proj/conf/example_conf')
    print string.upper(config.get("book","title")),
    print "by",config.get("book","author"),
    print "("+config.get("book","email")+")"
    print
    print config.get("size","size")
    print
    print config.sections()
    for section in config.sections():
        print section
        for option in config.options(section):
            print " ",option,"=",config.get(section,option)
    ```
- example.py文件执行结果
    ```
    CONFIGPARSER模块教程 by 大头爸爸 (366500050@qq.com)
    1024
      ['book', 'size', 'other']
    book
      title = ConfigParser模块教程
      author = 大头爸爸
      email = 366500050@qq.com
      time = 2012-09-20 22:04:55  size
      size = 1024  other
      blog = csdn.n
    ```

## 写入配置文件
- 示例
    ```python
    import ConfigParser
    import sys
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.add_section("book")
    config.set("book","title","这是标题")
    config.set("book","author","大头爸爸")
    config.add_section("size")
    config.set("size","size",1024)
    config.write(sys.stdout)
    ```
- 执行结果
    ```
    [book]
    title = 这是标题
    author = 大头爸爸
    [size]
    size = 1024
    ```

## ConfigParser方法
- 创建ConfigParser实例
    ```python
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    ```
- 返回配置文件中节序列
    ```python
    config.sections()
    ```
- 返回某个项目中的所有键的序列
    ```python
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.options(section)
    ```
- 返回section节中，option的键值
    ```python
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.get(section,option)
    ```
- 添加一个配置文件节点(str)
    ```python
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.add_section(str)
    ```
- 设置section节点中，键名为option的值(val)
    ```python
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.set(section,option,val)
    ```
- 读取配置文件
    ```python
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(filename)
    ```
- 写入配置文件
    ```python
    config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.write(obj_file)
    ```

## 综合实例
```python
##coding=utf-8

import ConfigParser

def writeConfig(filename):
    config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    # set db
    section_name = 'db'
    config.add_section( section_name )
    config.set( section_name, 'dbname', 'MySQL')
    config.set( section_name, 'host', '127.0.0.1')
    config.set( section_name, 'port', '80')
    config.set( section_name, 'password', '123456')
    config.set( section_name, 'databasename', 'test')

    # set app
    section_name = 'app'
    config.add_section( section_name )
    config.set( section_name, 'loggerapp', '192.168.20.2')
    config.set( section_name, 'reportapp', '192.168.20.3')

    # write to file
    config.write( open(filename, 'a') )

def updateConfig(filename, section, **keyv):
    config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(filename)
    print config.sections()
    for section in config.sections():
        print "[",section,"]"
        items = config.items(section)
        for item in items:
            print "\t",item[0]," = ",item[1]
    print config.has_option("dbname", "MySQL")
    print config.set("db", "dbname", "11")
    print "..............."
    for key in keyv:
        print "\t",key," = ", keyv[key]
    config.write( open(filename, 'r+') )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    file_name = 'test.ini'
    writeConfig(file_name)
    updateConfig(file_name, 'app', reportapp = '192.168.100.100')
    print "end__"
```