--- title: "CentOS7 静默安装 Oracle12c" date: 2019-10-30T11:11:13+08:00 lastmod: 2019-10-30T11:11:13+08:00 keywords: [] tags: ["oracle"] categories: ["database"] --- # 环境 - CentOS7.5 最小安装 - 数据库软件 - linuxx64_12201_database.zip # 操作系统配置 - 关闭 SELinux ```bash sed -i '/^SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config ``` - 关闭防火墙 ```bash systemctl disable firewalld systemctl stop firewalld ``` - 禁用 NetworkManager ```bash systemctl disable NetworkManager systemctl stop NetworkManager ``` - 重启操作系统 ```bash reboot ``` # 安装依赖 - 安装可能用到的工具 ```bash yum install epel-release yum clean all yum makecache fast yum install vim unzip rlwrap ``` - 安装 oracle 需要的包 ```bash yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \ compat-libstdc++-33*i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 \ glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel \ libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \ libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC \ unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 ``` # 配置安装环境 - 创建 oracle 用户 ```bash groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd oper useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle ``` - 创建 oracle 安装目录 ```bash mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0 mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oradata mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle ``` - 修改 sysctl.conf ```bash cat << EOF >> /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 #物理内存一半和4G中的较大者，当前服务器16G kernel.shmmax = 8589934592 #shmmax / 4k (getconf PAGESIZE) kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 200 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 EOF sysctl -p ``` - 修改 limits.conf ```bash cat << EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 EOF ``` - 修改 login ```bash cat << EOF >> /etc/pam.d/login session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so EOF ``` - 修改 profile ```bash cat << EOF >> /etc/profile if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi EOF ``` - 修改 oracle 用户的 .bash_profile ```bash cat << EOF >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin #export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8" #export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" EOF ``` # 安装数据库 - 上传数据库软件到 /root 下，解压 ```bash unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip -d /home/oracle/ chown -R oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/database ``` - 切换到 oracle 用户，后续操作都在该 oracle 用户下执行 ```bash su - oracle ``` - 创建 response 文件 ```bash cd /home/oracle cp database/response/*.rsp ./ ``` - 修改 db_install.rsp ```bash sed -i \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.option=/s#=.*$#=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#' \ -e '/^UNIX_GROUP_NAME=/s#=.*$#=oinstall#' \ -e '/^INVENTORY_LOCATION=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/oraInventory#' \ -e '/^ORACLE_HOME=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0#' \ -e '/^ORACLE_BASE=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.InstallEdition=/s#=.*$#=EE#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSOPER_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=oper#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSDGDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSKMDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSRACDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \ -e '/^oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=/s#=.*$#=GENERAL_PURPOSE#' \ -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.config\.starterdb\.characterSet=/s#=.*$#=ZHS16GBK#' \ -e '/^DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=/s#=.*$#=true#' \ /home/oracle/db_install.rsp ``` - 无需修改 netca.rsp - 修改 dbca.rsp ```bash sed -i \ -e '/^gdbName=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \ -e '/^sid=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \ -e '/^createAsContainerDatabase=/s#=.*$#=true#' \ -e '/^numberOfPDBs=/s#=.*$#=1#' \ -e '/^pdbName=/s#=.*$#=pdborcl#' \ -e '/^templateName=/s#=.*$#=General_Purpose.dbc#' \ -e '/^pdbAdminPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \ -e '/^sysPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \ -e '/^systemPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \ /home/oracle/dbca.rsp ``` - 安装 oracle 软件 ```bash cd /home/oracle/database ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq #安装成功后，系统提示需要在 root 下执行两个脚本 /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0/root.sh ``` - 配置监听 ```bash netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/netca.rsp #配置成功后，监听启动，查看监听状态 lsnrctl status ``` - 创建数据库 ```bash dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp #查看屏幕输出的创建进度 ``` # 简单使用 - 登陆数据库，切换到 pdb 数据库 ``` [oracle@fpManager2 ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 6月 25 14:41:16 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. 连接到: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production SQL> show con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl; 会话已更改。 SQL> show con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDBORCL SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files; FILE_NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/system01.dbf /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/sysaux01.dbf /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/undotbs01.dbf /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/users01.dbf SQL> ```