212 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
212 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
title: "安装 Archlinux"
|
||
date: 2021-07-04T11:23:00+08:00
|
||
lastmod: 2021-07-04T11:23:00+08:00
|
||
keywords: []
|
||
tags: ["archlinux"]
|
||
categories: ["os"]
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## U 盘启动，进入 archlinux live
|
||
- 下载 archlinux 镜像
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -LO https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/iso/2021.07.01/archlinux-2021.07.01-x86_64.iso
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 把镜像写进一个无用的 U 盘(/dev/sdX)
|
||
```bash
|
||
dd if=archlinux-2021.07.01-x86_64.iso bs=1M of=/dev/sdX
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 使用该 U 盘启动自己的 PC，进入 archlinux live
|
||
|
||
## 联网，硬盘分区，安装系统
|
||
- 插上网线，自动分配地址，验证是否可以连接外网
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -I https://www.baidu.com
|
||
# 返回 200
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 规划硬盘，选择一个无用硬盘(/dev/sdX)，规划 efi 分区和根分区
|
||
```bash
|
||
# fdisk 规划分区
|
||
fdisk /dev/sdX
|
||
g # 创建新的 gpt 分区表
|
||
n # 创建一个新分区
|
||
# 直接回车
|
||
# 直接回车
|
||
+256M # 指定大小
|
||
t # 更改分区类型
|
||
# 直接回车
|
||
1 # 选择 EFI System
|
||
n # 创建一个新分区
|
||
# 直接回车
|
||
# 直接回车
|
||
+XXXG # 指定根分区大小
|
||
w # 保存并退出 fdisk
|
||
|
||
官网还有 swap 分区，现在内存都比较大，不需要 swap 了
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 格式化分区
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sdX1
|
||
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 挂载分区
|
||
```bash
|
||
mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt
|
||
mkdir /mnt/EFI
|
||
mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/EFI
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 修改软件源(vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist)，只保留中国源
|
||
```
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.bit.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.xjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.sohu.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
## China
|
||
Server = http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 安装系统包
|
||
```bash
|
||
pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
|
||
# 这里会从中国源里下载安装包并安装，具体时间就看网速了
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 生成 fstab
|
||
```bash
|
||
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- chroot 进入新系统
|
||
```bash
|
||
arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 配置新安装的系统
|
||
- 设置时区
|
||
```bash
|
||
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 编辑 /etc/locale.gen，选择 en_US 和 zh_CN
|
||
```bash
|
||
sed -i \
|
||
-e '/^#en_US.UTF-8/s/^#//' \
|
||
-e '/^#zh_CN/s/^#//' \
|
||
/etc/locale.gen
|
||
|
||
locale-gen
|
||
|
||
# 生成 /etc/locale.conf
|
||
echo 'LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' > /etc/locale.conf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 设置主机名(xxxx)
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo xxxx > /etc/hostname
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 安装内核
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkinitcpio -P
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 设置 root 密码
|
||
```bash
|
||
passwd
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 创建一个普通用户(xxxx)，用于自己日常使用
|
||
```bash
|
||
useradd -m xxxx
|
||
passwd xxxx
|
||
echo "xxxx ALL=(ALL) ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/xxxx
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 安装其他必须包
|
||
```bash
|
||
pacman -S grub networkmanager
|
||
pacman -S intel-ucode # intel 处理器
|
||
pacman -S amd-code # amd 处理器
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 创建 efi 启动项(xxxx)
|
||
```bash
|
||
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/EFI --bootloader-id=xxxx
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 生成 grub.cfg
|
||
```bash
|
||
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 退出新系统，返回 archlinux live
|
||
```bash
|
||
exit
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 卸载硬盘，重启
|
||
- 卸载硬盘
|
||
```bash
|
||
umount -R /mnt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 重启
|
||
```bash
|
||
reboot
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 日常使用
|
||
- 登陆普通用户
|
||
- 启动 NetworkManager，并设置开机自动启动
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo systemctl start NetworkManager
|
||
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 连接网络
|
||
```bash
|
||
nmtui
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 安装常用命令行软件
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo pacman -S ctags cscope tmux expect git p7zip unrar zip unzip \
|
||
ntfs-3g espeak hostapd dnsmasq openssh tcpdump vim cdrtools \
|
||
tree ethtool openbsd-netcat arch-install-scripts
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 安装 gnome 桌面
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo pacman -S wqy-zenhei ttf-liberation
|
||
sudo pacman -S gnome
|
||
sudo systemctl enable gdm.service
|
||
sudo pacman -S gvim file-roller freerdp mpv ibus-sunpinyin
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- [Gnome 主题网站](https://gnome-look.org)
|
||
|