131 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
131 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "MariaDB 主从复制"
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date: 2020-04-13T18:00:00+08:00
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lastmod: 2020-04-13T18:00:00+08:00
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tags: ["mariadb", "master", "slave", "gtid", "replication", "同步"]
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categories: ["database"]
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---
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## 环境
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- mariadb 主服务器，centos7.8，192.168.1.141
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- mariadb 主服务器，centos7.8，192.168.1.142
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- mariadb 从服务器，centos7.8，192.168.1.143
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- 忽略系统数据库: information_schema, mysql, performance_schema
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## 在两个主服务器上创建用于备份的用户 replicator
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```sql
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grant replication slave on *.* to 'replicator'@'%' identified by 'password';
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flush privileges;
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```
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## 在两个主服务器上修改 my.cnf
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```
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# 唯一 ID
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# 192.168.1.141 配置
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server-id = 141
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# 192.168.1.142 配置
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server-id = 142
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read-only = 0
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# binlog
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# MariaDB 默认已开启 GTID
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log-bin = /var/lib/mysql-bin/master
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binlog-format = row
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sync_binlog = 1
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expire-logs-days = 3
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gtid-strict-mode = ON
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# relay log
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = information_schema.%
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = init_sql.%
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = performance_schema.%
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relay-log = /var/lib/mysql-bin/slave
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relay-log-recovery = TRUE
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# 复制线程数不超过 cpu 核数
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slave-parallel-threads = 4
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# 双主或多主互备时，可能会用到以下配置
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# 自增主键初始值，与其他互备服务器一致
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#auto-increment-offset =
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# 自增主键等差值，与其他互备服务器均不一致
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#auto-increment-increment =
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# 该环境中，双主配合 keepalived 实现高可用，无需配置自增
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```
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## 开启互主同步
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```sql
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-- 在 192.168.1.141 上启动 mariadb，配置同步 192.168.1.142:
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change master to master_host = '192.168.1.142',
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master_port = 3306,
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master_user = 'replicator',
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master_password = 'password',
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master_use_gtid = slave_pos;
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-- 在 192.168.1.142 上启动 mariadb，配置同步 192.168.1.141:
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change master to master_host = '192.168.1.141',
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master_port = 3306,
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master_user = 'replicator',
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master_password = 'password',
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master_use_gtid = slave_pos;
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```
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## 在两个主服务器上启动 slave ，查看 slave 状态
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```sql
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start slave;
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-- 查看 slave 状态
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show slave status\G
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-- 如果看到
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-- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
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-- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
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-- 则表示 slave 开启成功！
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```
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## 在从服务器上编辑 my.cnf
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```
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# 唯一 ID
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server-id = 143
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# 从服务器只做查询，无增删改
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read-only = 1
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# 忽略的数据表
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#replicate-ignore-table = db1.t1
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = information_schema.%
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = init_sql.%
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
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replicate-wild-ignore-table = performance_schema.%
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relay-log = /var/log/mysql-bin/slave
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slave-parallel-threads = 4
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```
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## 开启同步
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```sql
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change master 'db141' to master_host = '192.168.1.141',
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master_port = 3306,
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master_user = 'replicator',
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master_password = 'password',
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master_use_gtid = slave_pos;
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change master 'db142' to master_host = '192.168.1.142',
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master_port = 3306,
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master_user = 'replicator',
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master_password = 'password',
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master_use_gtid = slave_pos;
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```
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## 在从服务器上启动 slave ，查看 slave 状态
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```sql
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start all slaves;
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-- 在从服务器上查看 slave 状态
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show all slaves status\G
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-- 如果看到
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-- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
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-- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
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-- 则表示 slave 开启成功！
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```
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## 参考
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- [MariaDB 复制](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/standard-replication/)
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- [MariaDB 多源复制](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/multi-source-replication/)
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