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title, date, lastmod, tags, categories
| title | date | lastmod | tags | categories | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mysql/mariadb 备份 | 2019-10-30T00:54:15+08:00 | 2026-04-21T19:52:00+08:00 |
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xtrabackup
环境
- mysql 8.4
- rockylinux 9.6
安装
- 下载与操作系统和 mysql 版本对应的通用二进制包，解压
tar zxf percona-xtrabackup-8.4.0-5-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.34-minimal.tar.gz mv percona-xtrabackup-8.4.0-5-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.34-minimal /opt/pxb
创建备份用户和目录
- 备份目录如果是 nfs，挂载时需指定 sync 选项
- 创建备份用户
CREATE USER xb@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'Xtrabackup_1234'; GRANT BACKUP_ADMIN, PROCESS, RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO xb@localhost; GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.log_status TO xb@localhost; GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.keyring_component_status TO xb@localhost; GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.replication_group_members TO xb@localhost;
全量备份和恢复
-
备份
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/ \ --user=xb --password=Xtrabackup_1234 -
准备
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/ -
恢复，提前停止 mysql
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --move-back --target-dir=/backup/ chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
增量备份和恢复
-
先全量备份一次
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/full \ --user=xb --password=Xtrabackup_1234 -
创建增量备份
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/incre \ --incremental-basedir=/backup/full \ --user=xb --password=Xtrabackup_1234 -
准备全量备份，注意这里指定"--apply-log-only"避免事务回滚
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/full -
准备增量备份，准备最后一个增量备份无需指定"--apply-log-only"
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/full \ --incremental-dir=/data/backups/incre -
恢复，提前停止 mysql
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --move-back --target-dir=/backup/full chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
mariabackup
环境
- mariadb 10.3
- rockylinux 8.10
安装
dnf install mariadb-backup
创建备份用户
CREATE USER backup@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'Backup_1234';
GRANT SELECT, RELOAD, PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO backup@localhost;
全量备份和恢复
-
备份
mariabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/ \ --user=backup --password=Backup_1234 -
准备
mariabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/ -
恢复，提前停止 mariadb
mariabackup --move-back --target-dir=/backup/ chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
增量备份和恢复
-
先全量备份一次
mariabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/full \ --user=backup --password=Backup_1234 -
创建增量备份
mariabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/incre \ --incremental-basedir=/backup/full \ --user=backup --password=Backup_1234 -
准备全量备份
mariabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/full -
准备增量备份
mariabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/full \ --incremental-dir=/data/backups/incre -
恢复，提前停止 mariadb
/opt/pxb/bin/xtrabackup --move-back --target-dir=/backup/full chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
mysqlsh
环境
- mysql 8.4
- rockylinux 9.6
安装
- 下载最新的通用二进制包，解压
tar zxf mysql-shell-8.4.9-linux-glibc2.28-x86-64bit.tar.gz mv mysql-shell-8.4.9-linux-glibc2.28-x86-64git /opt/mysql-shell
创建备份用户
- 创建备份用户
CREATE USER shell@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Shell_1234'; GRANT PROCESS, RELOAD, LOCK TABLES ON *.* TO shell@localhost;
备份命令
-
简化 msyql-shell 命令
export MYSQLSH="/opt/mysql-shell -h 'mysql-ip' -P 3306 -u shell -p 'Shell_1234'" # 替换其中的 'mysql-ip' -
备份实例
$MYSQLSH -e 'util.dumpInstance("/data/backup/full", {compression: "zstd"})' # includeSchemas/excludeSchemas: ["db1", "db2"], 指定/忽略备份某些库 # includeTables/excludeTables: ["db1.tb1", "db2.tb2"], 指定/忽略备份某些库 # routines/users/triggers: true, 备份函数和存储过程/账号/触发器 -
备份指定库
$MYSQLSH -e 'util.dumpInstance("/data/backup/dbs", {includeSchemas: ["db1", "db2"]})' # 或 $MYSQLSH -e 'util.dumpSchemas(["db1", "db2"], "/data/backup/dbs")' -
备份指定表
$MYSQLSH -e 'util.dumpInstance("/data/backup/tbs", {includeTables: ["db1.tb1", "db2.tb2"]})' # 或 $MYSQLSH -e 'util.dumpTables("db1", ["tb1", "tb2"], "/data/backup/db1_tbs")' -
导入数据，建议在服务器本地导入
# 开启 local_infile mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock -uroot -p -e "set global LOCLA_INFILE=ON" /opt/mysql-shell/bin/mysqlsh -S /tmp/mysql.sock \ -e 'util.loadDump("/data/backup/xxxx", {loadUsers: true})' # loadUsers: true, 导入账号