155 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
155 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "CentOS7 安装 Cassandra 集群"
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date: 2019-10-30T00:59:02+08:00
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lastmod: 2019-10-30T00:59:02+08:00
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keywords: []
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tags: ["cassandra"]
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categories: ["database"]
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---
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# 环境
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主机名 | Public IP | Cluster IP| 操作系统 | Cassandra 版本
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---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----
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cassandra101 | 10.0.4.101 | 10.10.10.101 | CentOS7.6 | 3.0.18
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cassandra102 | 10.0.4.102 | 10.10.10.102 | CentOS7.6 | 3.0.18
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cassandra103 | 10.0.4.103 | 10.10.10.103 | CentOS7.6 | 3.0.18
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- 下载 [apache-cassandra-3.0.18-bin.tar.gz](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/cassandra/3.0.18/apache-cassandra-3.0.18-bin.tar.gz)
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# 各节点初始配置
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- 关闭 selinux、防火墙
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- 部署 java 运行环境
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- 创建 cassandra 用户
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```bash
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useradd -m cassandra
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```
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- 创建数据目录
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```bash
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cd /var/lib
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mkdir -p cassandra/data1 #多个存储磁盘可以创建多个数据存储目录
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mkdir -p cassandra/hints #建议与数据磁盘分开
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mkdir -p cassandra/commitlog #建议与数据磁盘分开
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mkdir -p cassandra/saved_caches #建议与数据磁盘分开
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chown -R cassandra.cassandra cassandra/
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```
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- 创建日志目录
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```bash
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cd /var/log
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mkdir -p cassandra
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chown -R cassandra.cassandra cassandra/
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```
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- 创建 pid 目录
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```bash
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cd /run
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mkdir -p cassandra
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chown -R cassandra.cassandra cassandra/
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```
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- 增加 sysctl.conf 配置，执行 sysctl -p 生效
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```
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vm.max_map_count=1048576
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```
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- 安装 jemalloc (推荐)
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```bash
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yum install jemalloc
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```
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- 创建文件 /usr/lib/systemd/system/cassandra.service，内容如下
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```
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[Unit]
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Description=Cassandra
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Requires=network.service
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After=network.service
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[Service]
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Type=forking
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WorkingDirectory=/opt/cassandra
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Environment=JAVA_HOME=/opt/jre
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Environment=LOCAL_JMX=no
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PIDFile=/run/cassandra/cassandra.pid
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ExecStart=/opt/cassandra/bin/cassandra -p /run/cassandra/cassandra.pid
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User=cassandra
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Group=cassandra
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LimitNOFILE=65536
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LimitNPROC=65536
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LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
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SuccessExitStatus=143
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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# 部署 Cassandra
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- 登陆 cassandra101，下载 cassandra，解压至 /opt/ 下
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- 修改 /opt/cassandra/conf/cassandra.yaml
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```yaml
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cluster_name: CassandraCluster
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hists_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/hints
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data_file_directories:
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- /var/lib/cassandra/data1
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commitlog_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/commitlog
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saved_caches_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/saved_caches
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seed_provider:
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- class_name: org.apache.cassandra.locator.SimpleSeedProvider
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parameters:
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- seeds: "10.10.10.101,10.10.10.102,10.10.10.103"
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listen_address: 10.10.10.101
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rpc_address: 10.0.4.101
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```
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- 修改 /opt/cassandra/conf/logback.xml
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```bash
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sed -i 's,\${cassandra.logdir},/var/log,' /opt/cassandra/conf/logback.xml
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```
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- 修改 /opt/cassandra/conf/cassandra-env.sh
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```bash
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# 这里我暂时关闭了 jmx 远程验证，否则需要手动创建 jmxremote.password 文件
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sed -i 's/jmxremote.authenticate=true/jmxremote.authenticate=false/' /opt/cassandra/conf/cassandra-env.sh
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```
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- 修改 cassandra 目录的权限
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```bash
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chown -R cassandra.cassandra cassandra/
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```
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- 打包 cassandra 目录，部署到 cassandra102 和 cassandra103 的 /opt 下，并修改 cassandra.yaml
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```
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# cassandra102
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listen_address: 10.10.10.102
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rpc_address: 10.0.4.102
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# cassandra103
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listen_address: 10.10.10.103
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rpc_address: 10.0.4.103
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```
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# 启动集群
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- 启动 cassandra 服务
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```bash
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl start cassandra
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```
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# 简单使用
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- cqlsh 连接数据库
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```bash
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/opt/cassandra/bin/cqlsh 10.0.4.101 9042
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cqlsh> desc keyspaces;
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```
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# 注意事项
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- 创建包含复合主键的表
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```cql
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create table t1 (
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c1 text,
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c2 text,
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c3 text,
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c4 text,
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c5 text,
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primary key((c1,c2),c3,c4)
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);
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- 复合主键的第一列 "(c1,c2)" 构成 PartitionKey，其余列 c3,c4 都是 ClusteringKey
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- Cassandra 对 PartitionKey 计算 Hash 值，决定该记录的存放 node，ClusteringKey 在 Partition 内部排序
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- 默认只支持**主键列**和**索引列**查询，否则需要手动指定 **allow filtering**
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- 根据多个 ClustringKey 查询时，需指定全部的 PartitionKey，ClusteringKey 不能跳过
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- 主键列不可修改
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