416 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
416 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Incus 安装"
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date: 2025-01-05T11:09:00+08:00
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lastmod: 2025-01-05T11:09:00+08:00
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tags: ["kvm", "虚拟化", "容器"]
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categories: ["kvm", "container"]
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---
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## 单机环境
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### 服务器
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处理器 | 内存 | 系统盘 | 数据盘
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---- | ---- | ---- | ----
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4核 | 8GB | 30GB | 30GB
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### 操作系统配置
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- 在 /etc/security/limits.conf 中追加如下配置
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```
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* soft nofile 1048576
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* hard nofile 1048576
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root soft nofile 1048576
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root hard nofile 1048576
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* soft memlock unlimited
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* hard memlock unlimited
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root soft memlock unlimited
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root hard memlock unlimited
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```
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- 在 /etc/sysctl.conf 中追加如下配置
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```
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fs.aio-max-nr = 524288
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fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 1048576
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fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 1048576
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fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 1048576
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vm.max_map_count = 262144
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```
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- 安装 chrony，配置时间同步
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#### debian
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- 安装 curl 和 gpg
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```BASH
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apt install curl gpg
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```
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#### centos/rocky/fedora
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- 禁用 selinux
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- 关闭并禁用防火墙（firewalld）
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- 安装 epel
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```BASH
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dnf install epel-release
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dnf makecache
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```
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- 配置子用户
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```BASH
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echo root:1000000:1000000000 > /etc/subuid
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echo root:1000000:1000000000 > /etc/subgid
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```
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- 重启操作系统
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### 安装 incus 环境
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#### debian
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- 参考[zabbly/incus](https://github.com/zabbly/incus)
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- 引入公钥，用于验证软件包的完整性
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```BASH
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curl -fsSL https://pkgs.zabbly.com/key.asc | gpg --show-keys --fingerprint
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mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/
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curl -fsSL https://pkgs.zabbly.com/key.asc -o /etc/apt/keyrings/zabbly.asc
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```
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- 配置软件源，lts 版本太旧了，这里用的最新稳定版
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```BASH
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sh -c 'cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbly-incus-stable.sources
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Enabled: yes
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Types: deb
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URIs: https://pkgs.zabbly.com/incus/stable
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Suites: $(. /etc/os-release && echo ${VERSION_CODENAME})
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Components: main
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Architectures: $(dpkg --print-architecture)
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Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/zabbly.asc
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EOF'
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```
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- 安装 incus 包
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```BASH
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apt update
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apt install incus qemu-system
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```
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- 配置 incus
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```BASH
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echo 'INCUS_EDK2_PATH=/usr/share/ovmf' >> /etc/default/incus
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```
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- 重启 incus
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```BASH
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systemctl restart incus
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```
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#### centos/rocky
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- 安装 incus 包，**目前测试 qemu 启动 vm 失败**
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```BASH
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dnf -y copr enable ligenix/enterprise-qemu-wider
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dnf install lvm2 incus incus-tools
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# 打算尝试虚拟机的可以安装 qemu-system 包
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#dnf install qemu-system
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```
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- ~~修改 incus 服务文件~~
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```BASH
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sed -i 's/INCUS_OVMF_PATH/INCUS_EDK2_PATH/' /usr/lib/systemd/system/incus.service
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systemctl daemon-reload
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```
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- 启动 incus 服务
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```BASH
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systemctl start incus
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```
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#### fedora
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- 安装 incus 包
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```BASH
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dnf install lvm2 incus incus-tools qemu-system
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```
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### 初始化 incus 单机环境
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- 初始化 incus
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```BASH
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incus admin init
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```
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- 按提示回答初始化交互命令，大都直接回车就好了，大概回答内容如下
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```
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Would you like to use clustering? (yes/no) [default=no]:
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Do you want to configure a new storage pool? (yes/no) [default=yes]:
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Name of the new storage pool [default=default]:
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Name of the storage backend to use (dir, lvm) [default=dir]:
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Would you like to create a new local network bridge? (yes/no) [default=yes]:
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What should the new bridge be called? [default=incusbr0]:
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What IPv4 address should be used? (CIDR subnet notation, auto or none) [default=auto]:
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What IPv6 address should be used? (CIDR subnet notation, auto or none) [default=auto]:
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Would you like the server to be available over the network? (yes/no) [default=no]:
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Would you like stale cached images to be updated automatically? (yes/no) [default=yes]: no
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Would you like a YAML "init" preseed to be printed? (yes/no) [default=no]:
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```
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---
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## 集群环境
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### 服务器
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主机名 | 服务器网卡IP | 集群网卡IP | 数据盘 | /etc/hosts
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---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----
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incus1 | eth0: 192.168.1.1 | 10.10.10.1 | /dev/sdb | 10.10.10.1 incus1
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incus2 | eth0: 192.168.1.2 | 10.10.10.2 | /dev/sdb | 10.10.10.2 incus2
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incus3 | eth0: 192.168.1.3 | 10.10.10.3 | /dev/sdb | 10.10.10.3 incus3
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### 操作系统配置
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- [每台服务器的操作与单机环境完全一致](#操作系统配置)
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### 安装 incus 环境
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- [每台服务器的操作与单机环境完全一致](#安装-incus-环境)
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### 创建网桥
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#### debian
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- **在每台服务器里执行下面操作**
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- 创建网桥 incusbr
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```BASH
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apt install bridge-utils
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brctl addbr incusbr
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```
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- 修改 /etc/network/interfaces，把 eth0 相关配置改成如下网桥配置
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```
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iface eth0 inet manual
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auto incusbr
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iface incusbr inet static
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address ${eth0_ip}/24
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gateway 192.168.1.254
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bridge-ports eth0
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bridge-stp off
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bridge-fd 0
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#dns-nameservers 223.5.5.5
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# 把 ${eth0_ip} 替换成对应服务器的 eth0 网卡 ip
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```
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- 重启网络服务，**注意此操作可能会导致服务器断网**
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```BASH
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systemctl restart networking
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```
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#### centos/rocky/fedora
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- **在每台服务器里执行下面操作**
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- 创建网桥 incusbr，连接服务器网卡 eth0，**注意此操作可能会导致服务器断网**
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```BASH
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nmcli c add \
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type bridge stp no \
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ifname incusbr \
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con-name incusbr \
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autoconnect yes \
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ipv4.addr ${eth0_ip}/24 \
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ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.254 \
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ipv4.method manual
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# 把 ${eth0_ip} 替换成对应服务器的 eth0 网卡 ip
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nmcli c add type bridge-slave con-name incusbr-eth0 ifname eth0 master incusbr
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```
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### 创建 lvm 卷组
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- **在每台服务器里执行下面操作**
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- 基于数据盘创建 lvm 卷组 incusvg
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```BASH
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pvcreate /dev/sdb
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vgcreate incusvg /dev/sdb
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```
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### 创建集群
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- **在 incus1 里执行下面操作**
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- 初始化 incus
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```BASH
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incus admin init
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```
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- 按提示回答初始化交互命令，大概回答内容如下
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```
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Would you like to use clustering? (yes/no) [default=no]: yes # 使用集群模式
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What IP address or DNS name should be used to reach this server? [default=10.10.10.1]: # 集群 ip
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Are you joining an existing cluster? (yes/no) [default=no]: # 这里是创建新集群，不是加入已有集群
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What member name should be used to identify this server in the cluster? [default=incus1]:
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Do you want to configure a new local storage pool? (yes/no) [default=yes]: no # 不创建本地存储池
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Do you want to configure a new remote storage pool? (yes/no) [default=no]: # 不创建远程存储池
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Would you like to use an existing bridge or host interface? (yes/no) [default=no]: # 不创建网络
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Would you like stale cached images to be updated automatically? (yes/no) [default=yes]: no
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Would you like a YAML "init" preseed to be printed? (yes/no) [default=no]:
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```
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- **经测试，需要手动创建存储池和受管网络，否则后面其他 incus 节点加入集群失败**
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- 创建存储池 pool1
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```BASH
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incus storage create pool1 lvm source=incusvg
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```
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- 创建受管网络 incusbr99
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```BASH
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incus network create incusbr99
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```
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### 加入集群
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- **在 incus2** 里初始化 incus
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```BASH
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incus admin init
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```
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- **在 incus1** 里生成加入 incus2 的令牌
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```BASH
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incus cluster add incus2
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# 复制这里输出的令牌字符串，用于回答 incus2 加入集群的 token
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```
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- **返回 incus2**，按提示回答初始化交互命令，大概回答内容如下
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```
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Would you like to use clustering? (yes/no) [default=no]: yes
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What IP address or DNS name should be used to reach this server? [default=10.10.10.2]:
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Are you joining an existing cluster? (yes/no) [default=no]: yes # 加入已有的集群
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Please provide join token: xxxxxxxx # 这里是 incus1 里生成的令牌
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All existing data is lost when joining a cluster, continue? (yes/no) [default=no] yes
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Choose "lvm.thinpool_name" property for storage pool "pool1": incusvg # 存储用 lvm 卷组 incusvg
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Choose "lvm.vg_name" property for storage pool "pool1": incusvg # 存储用 lvm 卷组 incusvg
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Choose "source" property for storage pool "pool1": incusvg # 存储用 lvm 卷组 incusvg
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Would you like a YAML "init" preseed to be printed? (yes/no) [default=no]:
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```
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- **在 incus3** 里初始化 incus
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```BASH
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incus admin init
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```
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- **在 incus1** 里生成加入 incus3 的令牌
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```BASH
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incus cluster add incus3
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# 复制这里输出的令牌字符串，用于回答 incus3 加入集群的 token
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```
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- **返回 incus3**，按提示回答初始化交互命令，大概回答内容如下
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```
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Would you like to use clustering? (yes/no) [default=no]: yes
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What IP address or DNS name should be used to reach this server? [default=10.10.10.3]:
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Are you joining an existing cluster? (yes/no) [default=no]: yes # 加入已有的集群
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Please provide join token: xxxxxxxx # 这里是 incus1 里生成的令牌
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All existing data is lost when joining a cluster, continue? (yes/no) [default=no] yes
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Choose "lvm.thinpool_name" property for storage pool "pool1": incusvg # 存储用 lvm 卷组 incusvg
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Choose "lvm.vg_name" property for storage pool "pool1": incusvg # 存储用 lvm 卷组 incusvg
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Choose "source" property for storage pool "pool1": incusvg # 存储用 lvm 卷组 incusvg
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Would you like a YAML "init" preseed to be printed? (yes/no) [default=no]:
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```
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- **之前创建的受管网络 incusbr99 虽然没用，但不建议删除，否则后面向该集群增加其他 incus 节点还会失败**
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---
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## 简单使用
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### 配置镜像源
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- 增加清华镜像源
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```BASH
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incus remote add tuna https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/lxc-images/ \
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--protocol=simplestreams --public
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incus remote list # 查看镜像源
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```
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### lxc 容器
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- 拉取 alpine lxc 镜像
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```BASH
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incus image list tuna: alpine amd64 # 查看清华源里存在的 alpine amd64 镜像
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incus image copy tuna:alpine/3.21 local:
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incus image alias create local:alpine-3.21 81f0ad86761e
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```
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- 启动一个系统级容器 alpine-lxc
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```BASH
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# 单机环境
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incus launch local:alpine/3.21 alpine-lxc \
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-c limits.cpu=2 -c limits.memory=4GiB -d root,size=5GiB
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# 集群环境中的 incus2 节点
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```BASH
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incus launch local:alpine/3.21 alpine-lxc \
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-c limits.cpu=2 -c limits.memory=4GiB -d root,size=5GiB \
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--network incusbr --storage pool1 --target incus2
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```
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- 进入 alpine-lxc 容器
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```BASH
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incus shell alpine-lxc
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# 单机环境的网络是 incus 管理的，此时会发现该虚拟机已有 ip，可以正常上网
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# 集群环境的服务器网络中，如果有 dhcp 服务，该虚拟机也会分到 ip
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# 如果没有 dhcp 服务，可以手动配置一个临时 ip
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ip a add 192.168.1.123/24 dev eth0
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ping 192.168.1.254 # 正常情况网关网络可达
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```
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### qemu 虚拟机
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- 客户机安装 [virt-viewer](https://releases.pagure.org/virt-viewer/virt-viewer-x64-11.0-1.0.msi)
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- 登录已安装 incus 的 debian 操作系统下
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- 下载 RockyLinux8 操作系统镜像文件：Rocky-8.10-x86_64-minimal.iso
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- 创建 iso 存储卷
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```BASH
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incus storage volume import pool1 \
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/root/Rocky-8.7-x86_64-minimal.iso \
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rocky8-iso-volume --type=iso
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# pool1: 存储池
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# /root/Rocky-8.7-x86_64-minimal.iso：本地 iso 镜像文件
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# rocky8-iso-volume：创建的 iso 存储卷的名字
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```
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- 创建一个空的虚拟机，并设置 cpu、内存和系统盘大小和 boot 优先级
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```BASH
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incus create vm1 --empty --vm -c limits.cpu=2 -c limits.memory=4GiB -d root,size=6GiB -s pool1
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# vm1：虚拟机名字
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# limits.cpu=2：虚拟机占用 2 核
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# limits.memory：虚拟机占用 4G 内存
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# root,size=6GiB：虚拟机中的系统盘设备名是 root，大小是 6G
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# pool1: 存储池
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incus config device set vm1 root boot.priority=20
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# boot.priority=20：boot 优先级，数字越大，优先级越高
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# 修改虚拟机配置
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#incus config set vm1 limits.cpu=4
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#incus config edit vm1
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```
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- 为虚拟机增加 iso 存储卷，并设置 boot 优先级
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```BASH
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incus config device add vm1 iso-cd disk \
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pool=pool1 source=rocky8-iso-volume boot.priority=10
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# vm1：虚拟机名字
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# iso-cd：虚拟机中的 iso 只读盘设备名
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# pool1：存储池
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# rocky8-iso-volume：创建的 iso 存储卷的名字
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# boot.priority=10：boot 优先级，数字越大，优先级越高
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```
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- **在 aarch64 架构中，关闭虚拟机的安全引导**
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```BASH
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incus config set vm1 security.secureboot=false
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```
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- 启动虚拟机
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```BASH
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incus start vm1
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```
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- 打开已运行虚拟机的 console 终端
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```BASH
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incus console vm1 --type=vga
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# 服务器中未安装 remote-viewer，因此该命令会输出下面 spice socket 信息：
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The client automatically uses either spicy or remote-viewer when present.
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As neither could be found, the raw SPICE socket can be found at:
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spice+unix:///root/.config/incus/sockets/xxxx.spice
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```
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- 用 ssh 把 socket 文件转成 tcp 端口，[/etc/sshd_config 配置参考这里](/post/ssh)
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```BASH
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ssh -N -g -L 5555:/root/.config/incus/sockets/xxxx.spice 127.0.0.1
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```
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- 在客户机中打开 virt-viewer，输入地址“spice://{debian 服务器 ip}:5555”，连接
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- 在打开的窗口中开始安装 RockyLinux8
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- 系统安装完成后，虚拟机不再需要 iso 只读盘设备，可以卸载
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```BASH
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incus config device remove vm1 iso-cd
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```
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