257 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
257 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "CentOS7.4 静默安装 Oracle11g"
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date: 2019-10-30T11:54:49+08:00
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lastmod: 2022-04-19T12:00:00+08:00
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tags: ["oracle"]
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categories: ["database"]
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---
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## 环境
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- CentOS7.4 最小安装
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- 数据库软件
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- linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
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- linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
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## 操作系统配置
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- 关闭 SELinux
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```bash
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sed -i '/^SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
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```
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- 关闭防火墙，或者放行 tcp 1521 端口
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```bash
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systemctl disable firewalld
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systemctl stop firewalld
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```
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- 检查交换内存(swap)大小，建议内存一半以上，如果没有设置虚拟内存，可参考如下操作
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```bash
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dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=1048576 of=/SWAP # 1GB
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chmod 0600 /SWAP
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echo '/SWAP swap swap defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
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swapon /SWAP
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```
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- 调整 /etc/fstab，调整共享内存分区的大小
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```
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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=5120M 0 0
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# 这里的 5120M 是要调整的共享内存分区的大小，建议大小为内存一半以上
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```
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- 重启操作系统
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```bash
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reboot
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```
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## 安装依赖
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- 安装可能用到的工具
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```bash
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yum install epel-release
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yum clean all
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yum makecache fast
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yum install vim unzip rlwrap
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```
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- 安装 oracle 需要的包
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```bash
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yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \
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compat-libstdc++-33*i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 \
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glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel \
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libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \
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libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC \
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unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
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```
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## 配置安装环境
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- 创建 oracle 用户
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```bash
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groupadd oinstall
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groupadd dba
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useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
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```
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- 创建 oracle 安装目录
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```bash
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mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0
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mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oradata
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mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area
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mkdir -p /opt/oracle/inventory
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chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
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chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle
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```
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- 修改 sysctl.conf
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```bash
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cat << EOF >> /etc/sysctl.conf
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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
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fs.file-max = 6815744
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#物理内存一半和4G中的较大者
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kernel.shmmax = 4294967296
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#shmmax / 4k (getconf PAGESIZE)
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kernel.shmall = 1048576
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kernel.shmmni = 4096
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kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 200
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net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
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net.core.rmem_default = 262144
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net.core.wmem_default = 262144
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net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
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net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
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EOF
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sysctl -p
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```
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- 修改 limits.conf
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```bash
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cat << EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
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oracle soft nproc 2047
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oracle hard nproc 16384
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oracle soft nofile 1024
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oracle hard nofile 65536
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EOF
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```
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- 修改 login
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```bash
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cat << EOF >> /etc/pam.d/login
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session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
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session required pam_limits.so
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EOF
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```
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- 修改 profile
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```bash
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cat << EOF >> /etc/profile
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if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] ; then
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if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
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ulimit -p 16384
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ulimit -n 65536
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else
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ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
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fi
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umask 022
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fi
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EOF
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```
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- 修改 oracle 用户的 .bash_profile
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```bash
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cat << EOF >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
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export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app
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export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
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export ORACLE_SID=orcl
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export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin
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#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
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#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
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EOF
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```
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## 安装数据库
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- 上传数据库软件到 /root 下，解压
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```bash
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unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /home/oracle/
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unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /home/oracle/
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chown -R oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/database
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```
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- 切换到 oracle 用户，后续操作都在该 oracle 用户下执行
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```bash
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su - oracle
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```
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- 创建 response 文件
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```bash
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cd /home/oracle
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cp database/response/*.rsp ./
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```
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- 修改 db_install.rsp
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```bash
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sed -i \
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-e '/^oracle.install.option=/s#=.*$#=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#' \
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-e '/^UNIX_GROUP_NAME=/s#=.*$#=oinstall#' \
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-e '/^INVENTORY_LOCATION=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/inventory#' \
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-e '/^SELECTED_LANGUAGES=/s#=.*$#=en,zh_CN#' \
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-e '/^ORACLE_HOME=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0#' \
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-e '/^ORACLE_BASE=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app#' \
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-e '/^oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=/s#=.*$#=EE#' \
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-e '/^oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
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-e '/^oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
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-e '/^oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=/s#=.*$#=GENERAL_PURPOSE#' \
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-e '/^DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=/s#=.*$#=true#' \
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/home/oracle/db_install.rsp
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```
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- 无需修改 netca.rsp
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- 修改 dbca.rsp
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```bash
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sed -i \
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-e '/^GDBNAME=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
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-e '/^SID=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
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-e '/^SYSPASSWORD=/s#=.*$#=111111#' \
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-e '/^SYSTEMPASSWORD=/s#=.*$#=111111#' \
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-e '/^CHARACTERSET=/s#=.*$#=ZHS16GBK#' \
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/home/oracle/dbca.rsp
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```
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- 安装 oracle 软件
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```bash
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cd /home/oracle/database
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./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
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#安装成功后，系统提示需要在 root 下执行两个脚本
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/opt/oracle/invertory/orainstRoot.sh
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/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/root.sh
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```
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- 配置监听
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```bash
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netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/netca.rsp
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#配置成功后，监听启动，查看监听状态
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lsnrctl status
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```
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- 创建数据库
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```bash
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dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
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#查看屏幕输出的创建进度
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```
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## 启动数据库
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- 登陆 sysdba，启动数据库
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```
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[oracle@localhost ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
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SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 6月 25 14:46:58 2018
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Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
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连接到:
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Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
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With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
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SQL> startup
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```
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### 启动报错 LRM-00109
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- 详细报错信息如下:
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```
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ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
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LRM-00109: could not open parameter file 'cd /opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbs/initorcl.ora'
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```
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- 创建 initorcl.ora 文件
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```bash
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cd /opt/oracle/app
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cp admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.* product/11.2.0/dbs/initorcl.ora
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```
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### 启动报错 ORA-00845
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- 详细报错信息如下:
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```
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ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
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```
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- 调整 /etc/fstab，增加如下配置
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```
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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=5120M 0 0
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# 这里的 5120M 是要调整的共享内存分区的大小
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```
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- 重启服务器
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