170 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
170 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Python 的 ConfigParser 模块"
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date: 2019-10-30T18:04:09+08:00
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lastmod: 2019-10-30T18:04:09+08:00
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tags: ["python", "configparser"]
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categories: ["python"]
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---
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## 样例文件
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- 该类配置文件可以包含一个或多个节（section），每个节可以有多个参数（键=值）。
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- 样例配置文件（/proj/conf/example_conf）
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```
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[book]
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title:ConfigParser模块教程
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author:大头爸爸
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email:366500050@qq.com
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time:2012-09-20 22:04:55
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[size]
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size:1024
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[other]
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blog:csdn.net
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```
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- 上面配置文件中用的是冒号，也可以用等号。
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## 读取配置文件
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- 示例文件: example.py
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```python
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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import ConfigParser
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import string
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.read(u'/proj/conf/example_conf')
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print string.upper(config.get("book","title")),
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print "by",config.get("book","author"),
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print "("+config.get("book","email")+")"
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print
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print config.get("size","size")
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print
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print config.sections()
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for section in config.sections():
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print section
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for option in config.options(section):
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print " ",option,"=",config.get(section,option)
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```
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- example.py文件执行结果
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```
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CONFIGPARSER模块教程 by 大头爸爸 (366500050@qq.com)
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1024
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['book', 'size', 'other']
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book
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title = ConfigParser模块教程
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author = 大头爸爸
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email = 366500050@qq.com
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time = 2012-09-20 22:04:55 size
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size = 1024 other
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blog = csdn.n
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```
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## 写入配置文件
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- 示例
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```python
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import ConfigParser
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import sys
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.add_section("book")
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config.set("book","title","这是标题")
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config.set("book","author","大头爸爸")
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config.add_section("size")
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config.set("size","size",1024)
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config.write(sys.stdout)
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```
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- 执行结果
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```
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[book]
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title = 这是标题
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author = 大头爸爸
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[size]
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size = 1024
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```
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## ConfigParser方法
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- 创建ConfigParser实例
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```python
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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```
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- 返回配置文件中节序列
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```python
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config.sections()
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```
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- 返回某个项目中的所有键的序列
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```python
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.options(section)
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```
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- 返回section节中，option的键值
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```python
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.get(section,option)
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```
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- 添加一个配置文件节点(str)
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```python
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.add_section(str)
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```
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- 设置section节点中，键名为option的值(val)
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```python
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.set(section,option,val)
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```
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- 读取配置文件
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```python
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.read(filename)
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```
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- 写入配置文件
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```python
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config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.write(obj_file)
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```
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## 综合实例
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```python
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##coding=utf-8
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import ConfigParser
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def writeConfig(filename):
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config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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# set db
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section_name = 'db'
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config.add_section( section_name )
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config.set( section_name, 'dbname', 'MySQL')
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config.set( section_name, 'host', '127.0.0.1')
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config.set( section_name, 'port', '80')
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config.set( section_name, 'password', '123456')
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config.set( section_name, 'databasename', 'test')
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# set app
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section_name = 'app'
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config.add_section( section_name )
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config.set( section_name, 'loggerapp', '192.168.20.2')
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config.set( section_name, 'reportapp', '192.168.20.3')
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# write to file
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config.write( open(filename, 'a') )
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def updateConfig(filename, section, **keyv):
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config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
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config.read(filename)
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print config.sections()
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for section in config.sections():
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print "[",section,"]"
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items = config.items(section)
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for item in items:
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print "\t",item[0]," = ",item[1]
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print config.has_option("dbname", "MySQL")
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print config.set("db", "dbname", "11")
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print "..............."
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for key in keyv:
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print "\t",key," = ", keyv[key]
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config.write( open(filename, 'r+') )
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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file_name = 'test.ini'
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writeConfig(file_name)
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updateConfig(file_name, 'app', reportapp = '192.168.100.100')
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print "end__"
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```
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